Body hair scores and total hair diameters in healthy women in the Kirikkale Region, of Turkey

WOS: 000222617700017PubMed: 15227736It was aimed to determine the normal hair scores of women of Kirikkale region according to the Ferriman-Gallwey scale and to investigate the relationship between the hair shaft diameter and hair scores. Hair scores were calculated in 204 healthy women, and hair shaft diameters were measured from the hair samples collected from 60 patients. Body mass index, waist to hip ratio, insulin resistance and blood androgen levels were determined. Neutral, hormonal and total hair scores were 2.1 +/- 1.4, 3.1 +/- 2.7 and 5.2 +/- 3.6, respectively. The average total hair diameter and hormonal hair diameter were 191.93 +/- 90.49 mum and 121.8 +/- 75.9 mum respectively. The correlation between total hair diameter and total hair score was statistically significant (r = 0.704 p < 0.001). Also, the correlation between hormonal hair diameter and hormonal hair score was statistically significant (r = 0.724 p < 0.001). While hair scores and diameters show meaningful positive correlation with androgen levels, they show negative correlation with age. In our population, 95% value of total hair score was 11, and for the hormonal score, it was 9. Hair diameters increase with hair score, regardless of total or hormonal of hair scores. Hair scores and hair diameters may be affected by blood androgens in healthy women

Postmenopozal kadinlarda hormon replasman tedavisi ve prolaktin seviyeleri

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of hormonal replacement therapy on serum prolactin (PRL) levels in postmenopausal women. Study Design: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was initiated to 30 postmenopausal patients. We determined the basal prolactin levels before treatment, and again at the first and third months. We used paired-t and student-t test for statistical analysis. Results: The basal PRL level of menopausal women was 9.6 ± 4.6 ng/ml, while it was 10.5 ± 4.1 ng/ml in premenopausal women (p>0,05). After initiation of HRT, the PRL levels were 9.9 ± 3.3 ng/ml and 10.1 ± 3.9 ng/ml at the first and third months, respectively. These values were not different from basal PRL levels. Conclusion: Serum prolactin determination may be used for the diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea of menopause if clinically indicated. Howover checking the serum prolactin level after the initiation of HRT has no clinical implications

Anatomical landmarks regarding sacrospinous colpopexy operations performed for vaginal vault prolapse

WOS: 000173830200017PubMed: 11803104Aim: To investigate the anatomical relationships of the structures and the topographic anatomy or the sacrospinous ligament and validate Current anatomic knowledge of this area. Materials: Nine embalmed half female cadaver pelvises were dissected to reveal the anatomy of the sacrospinous ligament. Results: The average length of the sacrospinous ligament was measured to be 43.04 +/- 6.58 mm. The inferior gluteal complex emerges from the infrapiriform foramen at a distance of 17.02 +/- 3.08 mm from the ischial spine and courses to inferior laterally with a slight curve. During this course, it passes close to the upper-lateral half of the sacrospinous ligament. The pudendal complex passes above the spine in six of the nine cases (66.6%) and lies maximum of 5.5 mm medial to the spine. Oil average the sciatic nerve is measured to he 25.14 +/- 3.94 mm lateral to the ischial spine. Conclusion: Placing the suture inferomedially and close to sacrum, the risk of complication will be minimal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Anxiety and depression before and after the menopause

WOS: 000167468100009PubMed: 11205708Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the anxiety and depression at postmenopausal women. Methods: We studied 32 postmenopausal and 32 premenopausal patients aged between 40-55 years in Kirikkale University Medical Faculty Obstetric and Gynecology Department. We performed Beck depression scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)I and II on those patients. Blood samples were taken from each patient. We used students t test, pearson correlation analysis. Results: Beck depression test results were 21.3 +/- 6.7 and 15.1 +/- 5.6 in postmenopausal and premenopausal women respectively (p < 0.001). STAI-I were 50.4 +/- 9.1 and 47.5 +/- 8.5 in this 2 groups (p = 0.19) and STAI-II values were 47.5 +/- 9.1 and 45.4 +/- 7.5 (p = 0.33. We could not find a correlation between anxiety-depression and blood FSH, LH and E-2 levels We found a correlation between parity and depression (r = 0.423 p = 0.01). There were positive correlations between anxiety and depression tests (r = 0.489 p = 0.01 for STAI-I and r = 0.398 p = 0.01 for STAI-II). Conclusion: Depression rate is significantly higher in menopausal women

Analysis of the spatial layer discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution and its application to rate model for H.264/SVC encoder

Knowledge of the discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution (DCT-DIST) is important for the encoder design. For example, rate control relies on this knowledge to estimate a possible bit rate and then decide proper coding parameters before the actual encoding task is performed. Therefore the rate control performance is fairly dependent on how accurately the DCT-DIST is modelled. The spatial enhancement layer (SL) DCT-DIST for H.264 scalable video coding (SVC) is studied in this Letter. SL DCT-DIST knowledge is furthermore used to derive a novel rate model. Our results can help design a proper rate control module for the H.264/SVC encoder

Shaping Ability of Two M‑Wire and Two Traditional Nickel‑Titanium Instrumentation Systems in S‑Shaped Resin Canals

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping effects of two M‑wire and two traditional nickel‑titanium (NiTi) rotary systems in simulated S‑shaped resin canals.Subjects and Methods: Forty simulated S‑shaped canals in resin blocks were instrumented with two traditional (ProTaper, Sendoline S5) and two M‑wire (WaveOne, GT series X) NiTi systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Ten resin blocks were used for each system. Pre‑ and post‑instrumentation images were captured using a stereomicroscope and superimposed with an image program. Canal transportation, material removal, and aberrations were evaluated and recorded as numeric parameters.Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using one‑way ANOVA and post‑hoc Tukey tests with a 95% confidence interval.Results: There were significant differences between systems in terms of transportation and material removal (P &lt; 0.05). Coronal danger zone was the most common aberration.Conclusions: Within the limits of this ex vivo study, it was found that the manufacturing methods (M‑wire or traditional NiTi) and kinematics (rotary or reciprocating motion) did not affect the shaping abilities of the systems. The extended file designs of highly tapered NiTi systems (ProTaper, WaveOne) resulted in greater deviations from the original root canal trace and more material removal when compared to less tapered systems (Sendoline S5, GT series X).Keywords: Canal Transportation, Endodontic Instruments, M‑wire, Nickel‑titanium, S‑curvatur

Shaping ability of two M-wire and two traditional nickel-titanium instrumentation systems in S-shaped resin canals

WOS: 000376164400002PubMed ID: 26289506Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping effects of two M-wire and two traditional nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems in simulated S-shaped resin canals. Subjects and Methods: Forty simulated S-shaped canals in resin blocks were instrumented with two traditional (ProTaper, Sendoline S5) and two M-wire (WaveOne, GT series X) NiTi systems according to the manufacturers' instructions. Ten resin blocks were used for each system. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were captured using a stereomicroscope and superimposed with an image program. Canal transportation, material removal, and aberrations were evaluated and recorded as numeric parameters. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests with a 95% confidence interval. Results: There were significant differences between systems in terms of transportation and material removal (P < 0.05). Coronal danger zone was the most common aberration. Conclusions: Within the limits of this ex vivo study, it was found that the manufacturing methods (M-wire or traditional NiTi) and kinematics (rotary or reciprocating motion) did not affect the shaping abilities of the systems. The extended file designs of highly tapered NiTi systems (ProTaper, WaveOne) resulted in greater deviations from the original root canal trace and more material removal when compared to less tapered systems (Sendoline S5, GT series X)

Lake Burdur and its area from last 2000 years : sedimentary record of climate and environmental evolution

International audienc